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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, tarter taste profile and are frequently used in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee and accounts for 75% of all global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are affected by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energy-rich after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops insist on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees, which can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee beans sale. It is typically preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants naturally found in. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can grow in less favorable environments. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective crop to grow.

Although it might sound odd, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee beans types bag it's likely there's some robusta as well.

While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, most do mix the two varieties in order to cut cost and maintain quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor it is recommended to select an excellent bean from a trusted source. This can be done by buying your beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is like a football, which is what makes them distinct from other coffee beans. They have a distinct aroma that is floral and fruity with smokey undertones. They are paired with other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can grow at low altitudes. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. On the internet, you can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants include fertile, deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a distinct species, but has now been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are ovals that are grown on large 20 to 30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both tart and fruity, which has made them a preferred selection in blends for house. They are also less pronounced in flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have a distinct richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most coveted kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered a separate coffee beans bulk plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped like a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They are often blended to add body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are renowned for having a the most delicious taste. They thrive best at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They have a little acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up about 40% of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, yet they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

Once you've mastered the four most common types of coffee beans now is the time to pick the perfect cup. If you want a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta decaf beans coffee.