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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee and accounts for 75% of the global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta, and they come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a particular coffee can vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were stimulated by eating fruit berries. The cultivation of top rated coffee beans quickly spread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops are focused on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique specialty coffees, which can be used in various brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, taste, body and acidity of coffee. It is usually utilized to create an even and balanced taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted kind of coffee bean in the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids that are antioxidants naturally found in. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a cost effective crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and preserve quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, you should choose an excellent bean from a trusted source. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is fruity and floral with smoky undertones. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. Online, you can buy the seeds from various sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a separate species but has been re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans with an oval shape are found on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for house blends. They have a more subtle flavor and lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta, although they're fourth popular. They were actually regarded as a different coffee plant species until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and have a dark, mysterious taste. They are frequently used to give blends more body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive best at high altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

After you've learned about the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor, choose an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.