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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication

Medicines can be a useful tool for managing anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are trained extensively in the use of medications and are able to make appropriate prescriptions that reduce the risk of side effects.

Typical anxiety disorder treatment is three-pronged, and includes therapy, exercise and medication. SSRIs are the first choice to treat anxiety, however they may take a few weeks for them to work.

SSRIs

SSRIs are the drugs that are most commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders. The most recent SSRIs have better adverse effect profiles than tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Several SSRIs have been approved by the FDA to treat generalized anxiety disorder. This includes fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as well as citalopram, (aka Celexa).

These drugs increase serotonin levels in the brain and may also aid in the increase of norepinephrine as well as BDNF. They can be employed in combination with psychotherapy or on their own. SSRIs can have negative effects, such as nausea and digestive issues However, these tend to improve as the body gets used to the medication.

The precise mechanism behind the SSRIs' effect on anxiety is not well understood. However it is believed they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin from the post-synaptic neuron and increase the concentration of serotonin in the synaptic gap. This increases the amount of signaling across the synapse, and it also reduces anxiety symptoms.

In addition to reducing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. They can also be used to treat depression as well as other mental illnesses that are often associated with anxiety disorders. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy or other forms of cognitive behavior therapy to increase their effectiveness.

Contrary to other classes of antidepressants SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. Nevertheless, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it can cause "discontinuation" syndrome and anxiety symptoms to come back.

If SSRIs are not suitable for you, your doctor might consider a different type of antidepressants, like mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs are also efficient, but they carry more risk of having adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs.

SSRIs can interact with certain foods, including red meat, eggs dairy, certain vegetables and fruits. If you are taking these drugs it is a wise suggestion to avoid these food items. Additionally it is generally advised that you do not drink alcohol when taking SSRIs because this can increase the severity of some adverse reactions.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines increase the calming effects of certain chemicals in the nervous system and brain. They enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter known as Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) that inhibits the nerves' activity. These drugs are effective in treating anxiety disorders, insomnia, and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive and should be used only for brief periods under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous when taken for recreational purposes, or mixed with alcohol and other substances.

The use of medication is often the first thing people look for when they have an anxiety disorder, but they're not the only treatment option. Psychotherapy or talk therapy has also been proven to be an effective method to decrease anxiety disorder symptoms. There are many psychotherapies that can aid however the most well-known and effective is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This type of therapy teaches you to alter your thinking and behavior to feel less anxious.

Alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide as well as diazep, clorazepate, lorazepam and quazepam are among the most popular benzodiazepines. They all have similar pharmacological properties, but each has its own distinct side effect and pharmacological profile. Clorazepate for instance is more effective at treating seizure disorders compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam, on the other hand, is superior in treating anxiety disorders when than quazepam.

While benzodiazepines are effective, they are not recommended for long-term use because they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. In addition, they can lead to withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them suddenly, such as a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be extremely unpleasant and can last for weeks, but they can be minimized by slowly reducing the medication.

Benzodiazepines are extremely addictive and should only be used for a short period of time - usually no more than 4 weeks. You will need to monitor your heart rate, blood pressure and your breathing during this time so that you don't have a severe reaction. If you're thinking about getting a benzodiazepine prescription, consult your physician about your past history of substance abuse.

Beta-blockers

Beta-blockers are used to treat anxiety-related symptoms. These medications prevent adrenaline from binding with beta receptors in your nervous system. This is a way to stop the hormone from triggering physical reactions like heart palpitations or tremors. These drugs are typically prescribed to treat high blood-pressure and other cardiovascular issues. However, they can be prescribed off-label to treat anxiety.

When you're stressed, your body produces a chemical called adrenaline, which signals the body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds beta receptors in the heart and brain, causing your heart to beat faster and triggering a variety of physical reactions. Beta-blockers are class medications used to treat hypertension, and other heart-related conditions. They block adrenaline's binding actions. This can help lower your heart rate and blood pressure.

In contrast to SSRIs and benzodiazepines that take a few weeks or months to make a noticeable difference in your symptoms, beta-blockers can be acted upon quickly. This makes them an excellent option for people who need immediate relief from their anxiety symptoms, such as those who must give an address in public or take a plane. They can also be a great alternative for people suffering from anxiety disorders symptoms and chronic heart issues, such as atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure.

Although beta-blockers are effective at alleviating physical symptoms of anxiety, they don't address the underlying cause of the disorder. They are only prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle changes and counseling. They are beneficial for those who have tried anti-anxiety medication and found it to be ineffective, or caused unacceptable side effects.

There are several different types of beta-blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide which beta-blocker is right for you depending on your medical history and health status. These medications may cause negative side effects like low blood pressure or fatigue. It is important to discuss your options with your physician.

MAOIs

Developed in the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for a variety of anxiety and depression disorders. However, they aren't used as frequently as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the requirement for strict dietary restrictions and risks of interactions with other drugs. Certain MAOIs are available in tablet form and can be taken orally, while others (such Emsam) are applied as a transdermal patch for skin.

MAOIs inhibit the action of MAO which increases the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. These neurotransmitters play an important role in mood, sleep and appetite as well as sexual function. MAOIs also have effects on anxiety. However they are more likely to trigger side effects than TCAs and SSRIs and come with boxed warnings for suicide.

Your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments to help manage your symptoms, in addition to the MAOIs below. A beta-blocker, like propranolol is frequently prescribed to ease physical symptoms associated with anxiety. Your doctor may also suggest a relaxation method or other at-home treatments to ease your symptoms.

The original MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during tuberculosis research in 1952. It was quickly discovered to possess mood-enhancing properties and is regarded as the first antidepressant medication. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants don't work, since they can cause serious adverse effects that require immediate medical attention.

If you take an MAOI and eat foods that contain tyramine, a substance in a variety of red meats, cheeses shellfish, fish, and some nutritional supplements, it could trigger a dangerous reaction that results in high blood pressure. The symptoms of this reaction include nausea, throbbing headaches vomiting, and a rapid heart rate. MAOIs may also interact with other drugs and cause extreme side effects, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Your doctor will discuss your dietary requirements with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. They will advise you to stay clear of eating foods that contain tyramine when taking the drug. They will also provide a list of food items that are safe to eat while on MAOIs. This food guide can help you avoid MAOI-related symptoms.